Lõhustumisprotsessil

Lõhustumisprotsessil, commonly referred to as fission in English, is a nuclear reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller, lighter nuclei. This process is typically initiated by the absorption of a neutron by a heavy, unstable nucleus, such as uranium-235 or plutonium-239. Upon absorbing the neutron, the nucleus becomes highly excited and vibrates intensely, leading to its eventual fragmentation.

The fission process releases a significant amount of energy, primarily in the form of kinetic energy of the fission fragments and emitted neutrons, as well as gamma radiation. Crucially, the fission of a heavy nucleus also produces several free neutrons, which can go on to trigger further fission events in other nuclei. This chain reaction is the fundamental principle behind nuclear reactors used for electricity generation and nuclear weapons.

The products of fission are diverse and depend on the specific fissile isotope and the energy of the incident neutron. They include a range of lighter elements, often referred to as fission products, many of which are radioactive. The release of these radioactive fission products is a significant consideration in the design and operation of nuclear facilities, requiring careful management and containment. Understanding the lõhustumisprotsessil is essential for comprehending nuclear physics, nuclear energy, and nuclear safety.