Külmumisvastased

Külmumisvastased, also known as antifreeze or coolant, are chemical additives designed to lower the freezing point of water and increase its boiling point. They are commonly used in internal combustion engines to prevent the coolant from freezing in cold temperatures, which could cause significant damage to engine components like the radiator and engine block. In warmer temperatures, they help to prevent the coolant from boiling over, which can lead to overheating.

The primary component of most antifreeze solutions is ethylene glycol or propylene glycol. These glycols are miscible with water and form a solution that has a lower freezing point and a higher boiling point than pure water. The effectiveness of an antifreeze solution is typically measured by its freeze protection level and its boiling protection level, often expressed as a percentage of glycol to water.

Beyond engine cooling systems, antifreeze can also be used in other applications where freezing is a concern, such as in plumbing systems during winter or in certain types of industrial processes. It's important to note that antifreeze can be toxic if ingested, and proper handling and disposal procedures should always be followed. Different types of antifreeze exist, with varying formulations and recommended applications, so selecting the correct type for a specific use is crucial.