Külgarühma

Külgarühma refers to a traditional communal work group found in some rural Estonian societies, particularly historically. These groups were typically formed by households within a village or a closely situated area to assist each other with demanding agricultural tasks. The primary function of a külgarühma was mutual labor exchange, allowing villagers to pool their resources and manpower for activities that would be difficult or impossible for a single household to manage alone.

Common tasks undertaken by a külgarühma included plowing large fields, harvesting crops, building or repairing structures, and threshing grain. The organization of these groups was often informal, based on established social relationships and the understanding of reciprocal obligations. Participation was usually expected from all able-bodied members of a household. The duration of a külgarühma's activity could vary, from a single day for a specific task to a longer period if multiple cooperative efforts were needed.

The existence of külgarühma reflects the strong emphasis on community cooperation and self-sufficiency in traditional agrarian life. It provided a vital social and economic safety net, ensuring that essential agricultural work could be completed efficiently and that no household was left to struggle alone. While the direct practice of külgarühma has largely diminished with modernization and changes in agricultural practices, the underlying principles of mutual aid and community support continue to be valued in various forms within rural communities.