Körpergewebe

Körpergewebe, or body tissue, refers to groups of similar cells in multicellular organisms that are specialized to perform specific functions. These cells are organized into complex structures that make up the organs and organ systems of the body. There are four primary types of body tissue in animals: epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.

Epithelial tissue covers body surfaces and lines internal cavities and organs. It serves functions such as protection, secretion, absorption, and filtration. Examples include the skin, the lining of the digestive tract, and the lining of blood vessels.

Connective tissue provides support, binds together other tissues, and fills spaces. It is characterized by cells embedded in an extracellular matrix, which can be fluid, gel-like, or solid. This category includes bone, cartilage, blood, and adipose tissue.

Muscle tissue is specialized for contraction and movement. There are three types: skeletal muscle, which is voluntary and responsible for body movement; smooth muscle, which is involuntary and found in the walls of internal organs; and cardiac muscle, which is involuntary and found in the heart.

Nervous tissue is responsible for transmitting electrical and chemical signals throughout the body, enabling communication and coordination. It consists of neurons, which transmit nerve impulses, and glial cells, which support and protect neurons. The brain, spinal cord, and nerves are composed of nervous tissue. Together, these four tissue types form the foundation of all animal anatomy and physiology.