Kõrgusvöötmeid

Kõrgusvöötmeid, also known as altitudinal zones or elevation belts, refers to the distinct ecological zones that occur at different altitudes in mountainous regions. These zones are characterized by specific combinations of climate, soil, vegetation, and animal life. As elevation increases, temperature generally decreases, and precipitation patterns can change significantly, leading to the formation of these distinct belts.

The lowest zones typically resemble the lowland ecosystems of the surrounding region, with forests or grasslands depending on the latitude and climate. As altitude increases, forests become less dense and more stunted, eventually giving way to alpine meadows above the tree line. These meadows are often characterized by low-growing, hardy vegetation adapted to harsh conditions, including strong winds, cold temperatures, and intense solar radiation.

Further up, beyond the alpine meadows, lies the zone of perpetual snow and ice, where temperatures remain below freezing year-round and only the hardiest microorganisms can survive. The specific composition and altitude of these kõrgusvöötmeid vary greatly depending on geographic location, prevailing winds, and the aspect of the slope (whether it faces north or south). Understanding these zones is crucial for studying biodiversity, ecological succession, and the impact of climate change on mountain environments.