Kõhrkudede

Kõhrkudede, also known as cartilage tissue, is a flexible connective tissue found throughout the bodies of many animals, including humans. It is a vital component of the skeletal system, providing support and structure. Unlike bone, cartilage is avascular, meaning it lacks its own blood supply. This characteristic contributes to its slower healing rate.

The primary cells within cartilage are chondrocytes, which reside in small cavities called lacunae. These cells produce and maintain the extracellular matrix, a substance composed of collagen and elastic fibers embedded in a gel-like ground substance. The composition of this matrix determines the specific properties of different types of cartilage.

There are three main types of cartilage: hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage, and fibrocartilage. Hyaline cartilage is the most common type, found in joints, the rib cage, and the respiratory tract. It provides smooth surfaces for joint movement and structural support. Elastic cartilage, which contains numerous elastic fibers, is found in structures that require flexibility and resilience, such as the outer ear and epiglottis. Fibrocartilage, characterized by its dense collagen fibers, is known for its strength and shock-absorbing capabilities, and is found in structures like intervertebral discs and the menisci of the knee.

Cartilage plays crucial roles in locomotion, joint articulation, and organ protection. Its ability to withstand pressure and its smooth, low-friction surface are essential for efficient joint function.