Kärlkalcifiering

Kärlkalcifiering, also known as vascular calcification, is a process where calcium salts deposit in the walls of blood vessels. This condition can affect arteries, veins, and even heart valves. While calcification is a normal part of aging, excessive or premature buildup can lead to serious health problems.

The exact mechanisms behind kärlkalcifiering are complex and still being researched. However, it is understood to involve a combination of factors. These include the accumulation of calcium and phosphate in the blood, damage to the inner lining of blood vessels (endothelium), inflammation, and the transformation of smooth muscle cells within the vessel walls into bone-like cells. Certain medical conditions, such as chronic kidney disease, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, are strongly associated with an increased risk of vascular calcification. Genetic predisposition and lifestyle factors like smoking and poor diet can also play a role.

The consequences of kärlkalcifiering vary depending on the location and extent of the calcification. In arteries, it can lead to hardening and narrowing of the vessels, a condition known as atherosclerosis. This reduces blood flow, increasing the risk of heart attack, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. Calcification of heart valves can impair their function, leading to valve stenosis or regurgitation. Diagnosis typically involves imaging techniques such as X-rays, CT scans, or echocardiograms. Treatment focuses on managing underlying conditions, lifestyle modifications, and medications to control blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels.