Kyselým

Kyselým is the instrumental singular form of the Czech adjective kyselý, meaning sour or acidic. It is used to describe nouns in the instrumental case, typically indicating that something has a sour taste or chemical acidity, often in combination with nouns referring to substances, liquids, or qualities.

Grammatically, kyselý follows standard Czech adjective agreement. The instrumental singular forms are: for masculine animate and inanimate nouns, kyselým; for feminine nouns, kyselou; and for neuter nouns, kyselým. Plural instrumental is kyselými. Thus, you can see kyselým in phrases that accompany masculine or neuter nouns, such as s kyselým roztokem, and you can also encounter the feminine form in phrases like s kyselou chutí or s kyselou šťávou.

Etymology: kyselý originates from Old Czech and is linked to Proto-Slavic roots meaning sour or tart. It is cognate with related Slavic terms such as Russian кислый (kislyy) and Ukrainian кислий (kyslyi), which reflect the same basic meaning of sourness or acidity. The related noun kyselina (acid) further reinforces the chemical sense of the root in Czech.

Usage notes: kyselý describes both taste and chemical properties. In culinary contexts, it commonly denotes sourness in foods and beverages (for example, mléko s kyselým nádechem or s kyselým mlékem). In scientific or technical contexts, it helps express acidity, as in s kyselým roztokem or jiné kyselé roztoky. The form kyselým is therefore a key part of Czech adjectival agreement in instrumental constructions.