Kylmäainekaasu

Kylmäainekaasu, also known as refrigerant gas, is a substance used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems to absorb heat from one location and release it in another. These gases undergo a phase change, typically from liquid to gas and back to liquid, which is the fundamental principle behind their cooling capability. Commonly used refrigerants include hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and more recently, hydrofluoroolefins (HFOs) and natural refrigerants like ammonia and carbon dioxide.

The selection of a specific kylmäainekaasu depends on various factors, including the required operating temperature, efficiency, safety, and environmental impact. Older refrigerants like chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and HCFCs have been phased out due to their detrimental effects on the ozone layer and their high global warming potential (GWP). Modern refrigerants aim to balance performance with reduced environmental impact.

Kylmäainekaasut are circulated within a closed loop system. In an evaporator, the liquid refrigerant absorbs heat from the space to be cooled, causing it to evaporate into a gas. This low-pressure gas is then compressed, increasing its temperature and pressure. The hot, high-pressure gas then flows into a condenser, where it releases heat to the surroundings and condenses back into a liquid. This liquid refrigerant then passes through an expansion device, reducing its pressure and temperature before entering the evaporator again, completing the cycle. The properties of the kylmäainekaasu are critical for the efficient and effective operation of the entire system.