Kvicksilversulfat

Kvicksilversulfat, also known as mercuric sulfate, is an inorganic compound with the formula HgSO4. It appears as a white to colorless crystalline solid and is highly hygroscopic, forming hydrates such as HgSO4·H2O. In water it dissociates to give mercuric ions (Hg2+) and sulfate.

Production and structure: Mercuric sulfate is typically prepared by reacting mercury(II) oxide with sulfuric acid, yielding HgSO4 and water. The salt is soluble in water and can exist as hydrates, which influence its handling and reactivity.

Uses: HgSO4 is used as a source of mercuric ions in inorganic synthesis. In organic chemistry, it serves as a catalyst in the oxymercuration-demercuration process, which hydrates alkynes to ketones. It also acts as a precursor to various organomercury compounds and has historical applications in chemistry and industry, though many such uses have diminished due to toxicity concerns.

Safety and handling: Mercury compounds, including mercuric sulfate, are highly toxic and pose serious health and environmental risks. Exposure can affect the nervous system, kidneys, and immune system, and they can accumulate in the food chain. Handling requires proper personal protective equipment, use of a fume hood, and strict waste management as hazardous mercury waste. Contamination or improper disposal can lead to environmental release; spills should be contained and disposed of according to local regulations.

Environmental and regulatory notes: Mercuric sulfate is subject to stringent regulatory control in many countries due to mercury’s persistence and bioaccumulative properties. Safe storage, transport, and disposal are essential to minimize ecological impact.

See also: Mercury compounds, Oxymercuration.