Kv7

Kv7 refers to a family of voltage-gated potassium channels. These channels are composed of subunits encoded by the KCNQ genes, specifically KCNQ1 through KCNQ5 in humans. Kv7 channels are crucial for regulating neuronal excitability, cardiac action potentials, and smooth muscle tone. They function by allowing potassium ions to flow across cell membranes in response to changes in membrane potential.

The specific properties and functions of Kv7 channels vary depending on the subunit composition. For instance, Kv7.2 and Kv7.3 subunits are known to form heteromeric channels that are highly expressed in the central nervous system, playing a significant role in neuronal firing patterns. Mutations in the genes encoding these subunits are associated with various neurological disorders, including epilepsy. Kv7.1 channels, primarily found in the heart and inner ear, are essential for cardiac repolarization and hearing. Dysfunction of Kv7.1 channels can lead to cardiac arrhythmias and certain types of deafness. Kv7.4 and Kv7.5 channels are predominantly expressed in smooth muscle tissues, where they contribute to the regulation of muscle contraction and relaxation.

Pharmacological modulation of Kv7 channels is an active area of research, with potential therapeutic applications for conditions such as epilepsy, pain, and cardiovascular diseases. Activators of Kv7 channels can reduce neuronal excitability, while their role in smooth muscle suggests potential for treating conditions like hypertension and asthma.