Kuulutanud

Kuulutanud is the past active participle of the Estonian verb kuulutada, meaning to proclaim, announce, or herald. It denotes that the subject has performed the act of proclaiming in the past. The form is used to build complex tense structures and can function as an attributive modifier in literary or formal text.

In modern Estonian, kuulutanud is most commonly seen in perfect tense constructions with the auxiliary olema (to be). For example, Olen kuulutanud ning olen valmis jätkama—“I have proclaimed and I am ready to continue.” As an adjective or participial modifier, kuulutanud can describe a noun in contexts where the speaker or writer wants to emphasize a completed act of proclamation.

A closely related form is kuulutatud, the passive past participle meaning “proclaimed” or “announced” as something experienced by a patient/speaker. This form is used in passive constructions, such as on kuulutatud—“has been proclaimed.” The distinction between active and passive participles is a standard feature of Estonian grammar and affects meaning and sentence structure.

Etymology traces kuulutanud to the verb kuulutada, with the past active participle suffix indicating a completed action by the subject. While кулutanud is primarily a grammatical form, it can appear in religious, political, or ceremonial language to convey that proclamation was performed in the past.

See also: kuulutada, kuulutatud, Estonian participles, Estonian grammar.