Kumerused

Kumerused is the Estonian plural noun for convexities—outward bulges or curvatures on surfaces or profiles. The singular form is kumerus. The term describes features that bend outward from a reference plane or line and that are rounded or bulging rather than flat or indented.

Etymology and usage: kumerus derives from kumer-, related to curved or bulged. In Estonian-language sources the word is used across disciplines to refer to outward curvature rather than to general bending. In English, a close equivalent is convexity.

Contexts: In geometry and design, kumerused refer to outwardly curved forms such as domes, rounded profiles on architectural elements, or the exterior curvature of shells. In geology and geography, hills, ridges, and other landforms with outward bulging shapes are described using the term. In botany and biology, a leaf or organ with a convex surface can be described as kumerus and its margins as kumerused when they form a bulged outline.

Notes: The term is primarily used in Estonian contexts. For precise mathematical language, other terms like convexity or curvature are often used, depending on the field. See also kumerus, kõverus, convexity.