Kuivasilmä

Kuivasilmä, also known as dry eye disease, is a common condition characterized by a lack of adequate lubrication in the eyes. This can be caused by a deficiency in tear production or by tears evaporating too quickly. Symptoms often include stinging, burning, redness, a gritty sensation, and blurred vision.

There are several factors that can contribute to dry eye. These include environmental conditions like dry air, wind, or smoke, as well as prolonged screen time which can reduce blinking frequency. Aging is also a significant risk factor. Certain medical conditions, such as Sjögren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and thyroid disorders, can also lead to dry eyes. Some medications, including antihistamines, decongestants, and certain blood pressure drugs, can also have dry eye as a side effect.

Diagnosis typically involves a review of symptoms and a physical examination of the eyes. Doctors may use special instruments to measure tear production and assess tear film quality. Treatment aims to restore adequate lubrication and reduce inflammation. Options range from artificial tears and lubricating ointments to prescription eye drops that stimulate tear production. Lifestyle modifications, such as using a humidifier or taking breaks from screens, can also be beneficial. In more severe cases, punctal plugs may be used to block tear drainage.