Kudevõrreide

Kudevõrreide, also known as tissue culture, is a technique used in biology to maintain or grow cells, tissues, or organs in an artificial medium separate from the parent organism. This method is widely employed for plant propagation, research, and conservation efforts.

The process typically involves taking a small piece of tissue, known as an explant, from a plant. This explant is then sterilized and placed on a nutrient-rich agar medium that contains plant hormones. These hormones, such as auxins and cytokinins, regulate cell division and differentiation, allowing the explant to develop into a callus (an undifferentiated mass of cells) or directly into shoots and roots.

Once the plantlets have developed sufficiently, they are transferred to a different medium that promotes root formation if shoots have already appeared, or shoot formation if roots have appeared. Finally, the plantlets are acclimatized to ex vitro conditions by gradually exposing them to lower humidity and different temperatures before they are transplanted into soil.

Tissue culture offers several advantages, including rapid multiplication of desirable plant varieties, production of disease-free plants, and the ability to grow plants in sterile conditions, free from pathogens. It is also crucial for the conservation of endangered plant species and for genetic modification studies. However, it requires sterile techniques and specialized equipment, and success rates can vary depending on the plant species and the specific protocols used.