Krüoprotektiivsed

Krüoprotektiivsed, also known as cryoprotectants, are substances that protect biological tissues and cells from damage during freezing. They work by lowering the freezing point of water and inhibiting the formation of ice crystals, which can rupture cell membranes and cause irreparable harm. Without cryoprotectants, the water inside cells would freeze into sharp ice crystals, destroying the delicate cellular structures.

Commonly used cryoprotectants include glycerol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and various sugars and polymers. These compounds are often used in combination to achieve optimal protection. The concentration of the cryoprotectant and the rate of cooling are critical factors in successful cryopreservation. Higher concentrations can sometimes be toxic to cells, so a balance must be found.

Cryoprotectants are essential for a wide range of applications. They are vital in cryopreservation techniques used in fertility clinics for sperm, eggs, and embryos. They are also used in biological research to preserve cell lines, tissues, and organs for later study or transplantation. The development and understanding of cryoprotectants have been instrumental in advancing fields such as regenerative medicine and reproductive biology. Ongoing research continues to explore new and more effective cryoprotective agents and methods to improve the long-term viability of cryopreserved biological materials.