Kryoliittiin

Kryoliittiin, often referred to as cryolite in English, is a mineral composed of sodium, aluminum, and fluorine, with the chemical formula Na₃AlF₆. It is a rare, white or colorless, glassy mineral. Historically, cryolite was important as a source of aluminum before the development of the Hall-Héroult process. Its primary use today is as a solvent for alumina in the electrolytic production of aluminum. It lowers the melting point of aluminum oxide, making the electrolysis process more energy-efficient.

The mineral cryolite is found in significant deposits in Ivittuut, Greenland, which was once the main source. Other occurrences are in Russia, Canada, and the United States. Synthetic cryolite is now produced industrially for its applications. In addition to its role in aluminum production, cryolite has been used in the manufacturing of enamels, glass, and insecticides, though these uses are less common now. Its low refractive index also makes it useful in certain optical applications. The name "cryolite" comes from the Greek words "kryos" meaning frost and "lithos" meaning stone, referring to its translucent, ice-like appearance.