Kruit

Kruit is the Dutch term for gunpowder, traditionally a chemical explosive used to propel projectiles and to drive explosions in mining and demolition. The classic formulation, known as black powder, is composed of roughly 75 percent potassium nitrate (saltpeter), 15 percent charcoal, and 10 percent sulfur by weight.

On ignition, black powder rapidly produces a large volume of hot gases, causing a pressure rise that can drive a projectile or shatter rock. It deflagrates rather than detonates under typical conditions; confinement can cause an energetic explosion.

Originating in China, gunpowder reached Europe in the Middle Ages and became the basis for firearms, cannons, and mining techniques. For centuries it dominated artillery and small arms until late 19th century, when smokeless powders based on nitrocellulose offered higher energy and stability.

Modern usage is limited to historical reenactments, some mining blasting, and fireworks, although most fireworks use nitrocellulose-based compositions and not pure black powder.

Because it is moisture sensitive and relatively reactive, kruit requires careful storage away from heat, flame, and oxidizers, in tightly closed containers. Regulation and safety standards govern production, handling, and transport.