Kromatida

Kromatida refers to one half of a duplicated chromosome. Before cell division, a chromosome undergoes replication, resulting in two identical copies. These copies are held together by a centromere and are called sister chromatids. Each sister chromatid contains an identical set of DNA. During mitosis and meiosis, these sister chromatids separate and are then considered individual chromosomes.

The term chromatid is used specifically when referring to the replicated state of a chromosome. In a non-dividing cell, chromosomes exist in a decondensed form called chromatin, and the concept of chromatids is not applicable. The process of DNA replication ensures that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic information. Once the sister chromatids separate, they are no longer referred to as chromatids but as chromosomes. The precise separation of sister chromatids is crucial for accurate genetic inheritance. Errors in this process can lead to aneuploidy, a condition characterized by an abnormal number of chromosomes. The structure and behavior of chromatids are fundamental to understanding cell division and genetics.