KrClbased

KrClbased refers to a class of ultraviolet light sources and laser systems that rely on krypton-chloride (KrCl) excimers to produce ultraviolet radiation, typically around 222 nanometers. This family is part of the broader category of rare-gas halide excimer devices and is used for applications requiring deep UV light with relatively short wavelengths.

In operation, KrCl-based devices form KrCl excimers in a gas mixture that usually includes krypton and a chlorine donor such as hydrogen chloride or chlorine gas. An electrical discharge or other excitation method promotes the formation of KrCl species, which emit UV light when they decay from the excited state. The devices can be configured as pulsed lamps or as lasers, with emission requiring careful sealing and materials that withstand harsh UV and halogen-rich environments.

Devices built around KrCl excimers face several design considerations. The deep-UV output is strongly absorbed by air and many materials, necessitating sealed optical paths and UV-grade components such as MgF2 or CaF2 windows and lenses. Gas purity, electrode materials, and chlorine chemistry affect efficiency, stability, and lifetime. Because chlorine-bearing species can be corrosive, robust containment and safety measures are essential.

Applications for KrClbased sources include sterilization and surface decontamination, water treatment, and photochemical processing that benefits from deep-UV photons. They are studied for specialized lithography and micromachining, though competition from other UV sources and regulatory considerations influence adoption. Safety concerns center on UV exposure risks, chlorine gas handling, ozone generation, and corrosion of system components, requiring appropriate shielding and venting.

Research in KrClbased technology focuses on improving efficiency, lifetime, spectral stability, and manufacturability of sealed devices, as well as exploring alternative chlorine donors to optimize performance and safety.