Kosketusallergiat

Kosketusallergiat, also known as contact allergies, are a type of delayed hypersensitivity reaction of the skin to certain substances. These reactions occur when the immune system mistakenly identifies a normally harmless substance as a threat. Upon initial exposure, the immune system becomes sensitized to the allergen. Subsequent exposures, even to small amounts, can trigger an inflammatory response.

The symptoms of contact allergies typically manifest as eczema or dermatitis in the area that came into contact with the allergen. This can include redness, itching, swelling, and the formation of small blisters. The severity of the reaction can vary greatly depending on the individual and the specific allergen. Common triggers include metals like nickel and cobalt, fragrances found in cosmetics and perfumes, preservatives in skincare products, certain chemicals in textiles, and plant-based allergens such as poison ivy.

Diagnosis of contact allergies usually involves a thorough medical history and a patch test. During a patch test, small amounts of suspected allergens are applied to the skin, typically on the back, under occlusion, and then checked for reactions after 48 and 72 hours. Identifying and avoiding the causative allergen is the primary method of management. Topical corticosteroids are often prescribed to alleviate the inflammation and itching. In some cases, systemic medications may be necessary for severe reactions. Prevention strategies focus on being aware of potential allergens and choosing products that are hypoallergenic or free from common irritants.