Korynebacteriaceae

Korynebacteriaceae is a family of Gram-positive bacteria. These bacteria are characterized by their rod shape, though some species can appear pleomorphic or even coccoid. The family is part of the order Corynebacteriales. Members of Korynebacteriaceae are found in a variety of environments, including soil, water, and on the skin and mucous membranes of animals and humans.

The genus Corynebacterium is the most well-known within this family. Some Corynebacterium species are commensal, meaning they live in symbiosis with their host without causing harm. However, other species are pathogenic. The most medically significant is Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the causative agent of diphtheria, a serious infectious disease. This bacterium produces a potent toxin that can damage vital organs.

Other genera within Korynebacteriaceae include Actinomyces and Turicella. Actinomyces species are also found in the human microbiota, but some can cause actinomycosis, a chronic granulomatous infection. Diagnosis of Korynebacteriaceae infections typically involves laboratory cultivation and identification of the bacteria from clinical specimens. Treatment varies depending on the specific species and the severity of the infection, often involving antibiotics. Research continues to explore the diverse roles and potential applications of various Korynebacteriaceae members.