Korvai

Korvai is a fixed rhythmic pattern used in Indian classical music and dance, notably in Carnatic music and Bharatanatyam. It functions as a concluding device for a section of improvisation or a dance sequence. A korvai consists of a pre-composed sequence of melodic phrases or rhythmic syllables that are arranged to align with the tala cycle. The performer repeats multiple phrases in a specified tempo progression so that the phrases cohere to end on the samam, the first beat of the tala.

In performance, korvais are typically introduced after a segment of kalpana swaras or niraval in Carnatic concert practice, providing a decisive cadence. The structure often involves three or more phrases that may vary in length and tempo, with the final phrase designed to land exactly on the samam. In Bharatanatyam, a korvai is a long rhythmic flourish performed at the end of items such as a varnam, jatisvaram, or padam. It is executed with rhythmic syllables (bols) and hand gestures and aims to leave a strong closing impression.

Variations exist across composers and schools; korvais may be tailored to different talas, with adi tala being particularly common. The concept emphasizes precise laya (tempo) control and synchrony between music and movement. The term reflects a traditional technique developed in South Indian performance practice and remains a staple device for signaling a conclusive moment in both music and dance contexts.