Kortikosteroidinä

Kortikosteroidi, also known as corticosteroids or glucocorticoids, are a class of steroid hormones that are produced naturally in the adrenal cortex of vertebrates. They play a crucial role in a wide range of physiological processes including metabolism, immune response, and inflammation. Synthetic corticosteroids are also widely used as medications due to their potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.

These compounds are derived from cholesterol and share a common sterol structure. Their effects are mediated by binding to specific intracellular receptors, which then translocate to the nucleus and influence gene expression. This leads to a variety of actions, such as reducing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and suppressing the activity of immune cells.

In medicine, corticosteroids are prescribed for numerous conditions, including autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, allergic reactions, asthma, and skin conditions like eczema. They can be administered orally, inhaled, injected, or applied topically depending on the condition being treated. While highly effective, their use can be associated with side effects, particularly with long-term or high-dose therapy, which can include weight gain, bone thinning, increased susceptibility to infection, and mood changes. Medical supervision is essential for their safe and effective use.