Koraler

Koraler, also known as coral reefs, are diverse underwater ecosystems characterized by reef-building corals. These corals are colonial organisms composed of many identical individual polyps, which secrete a hard skeleton of calcium carbonate. Coral reefs are found in shallow, tropical waters and are among the most biodiverse ecosystems on Earth. They support approximately 25% of all known marine life, including fish, mollusks, crustaceans, and other invertebrates.

Coral reefs play a crucial role in maintaining marine biodiversity and ecosystem health. They provide habitat, food, and protection for numerous species, and they also contribute to coastal protection by absorbing wave energy and reducing erosion. Additionally, coral reefs are economically valuable, supporting tourism, fisheries, and coastal protection services.

However, coral reefs are under threat from various factors, including climate change, pollution, overfishing, and destructive fishing practices. Rising sea temperatures due to global warming cause coral bleaching, a process where corals expel the algae living in their tissues, turning white and often leading to their death. Pollution from agricultural runoff, industrial discharge, and plastic waste can smother corals and degrade their health. Overfishing and destructive fishing practices can disrupt the balance of reef ecosystems, leading to declines in coral health and biodiversity.

Efforts to protect and restore coral reefs include marine protected areas, sustainable fishing practices, and reducing pollution. Coral reef conservation is essential for maintaining marine biodiversity, supporting coastal communities, and mitigating the impacts of climate change.