Koordinatsüsteem

Koordinatsüsteem is a fundamental concept in mathematics and science used to define the position of points in space. It typically consists of a set of axes, usually perpendicular to each other, originating from a common point called the origin. The most common type is the Cartesian coordinate system, named after René Descartes. In a two-dimensional Cartesian system, two perpendicular axes, the x-axis and the y-axis, intersect at the origin (0,0). A point's position is then described by an ordered pair of numbers (x, y), where x represents the distance along the x-axis and y represents the distance along the y-axis. Similarly, a three-dimensional Cartesian system adds a z-axis, and points are represented by ordered triples (x, y, z).

Other types of coordinate systems exist, such as polar coordinates, which use a distance from the origin and an angle to define a point in a plane. Different coordinate systems are chosen based on the geometry of the problem being studied. For instance, polar coordinates are often useful for problems involving circular symmetry. The ability to describe and locate objects precisely makes coordinate systems indispensable tools in fields ranging from geometry and physics to computer graphics and navigation.