Kontaktiihoreaktion

Kontaktiihoreaktion, often referred to as contact dermatitis, is an inflammatory skin condition caused by direct contact with certain substances. It is a type of eczema that manifests as a rash. There are two main types: irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis.

Irritant contact dermatitis is the most common form and occurs when a substance directly damages the skin's outer layer. This can happen after a single exposure to a harsh irritant or after repeated exposure to milder ones. Common irritants include soaps, detergents, solvents, and certain chemicals. The rash typically appears at the site of contact and can cause redness, dryness, itching, and sometimes blistering.

Allergic contact dermatitis is an immune system response to an allergen. When the skin comes into contact with a substance it is allergic to, the immune system overreacts, leading to inflammation. This type of reaction may not occur on the first exposure; sensitization can take time. Once sensitized, even small amounts of the allergen can trigger a reaction. Common allergens include poison ivy, nickel (found in jewelry and metal objects), fragrances, and preservatives in cosmetics. The rash can spread beyond the initial contact area and often presents with intense itching, redness, swelling, and blistering.

Diagnosis of kontaktiihoreaktion typically involves a thorough medical history and physical examination. Patch testing may be used to identify specific allergens responsible for allergic contact dermatitis. Treatment focuses on avoiding the causative agent, using topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and itching, and moisturizing the skin to restore the skin barrier. Prevention involves identifying and avoiding known irritants and allergens.