Kontaktekzemen

Kontaktekzemen, also known as contact dermatitis, is an inflammatory skin reaction caused by direct contact with a substance. It is a common skin condition that can affect people of all ages. There are two main types of kontaktekzemen: irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis.

Irritant contact dermatitis is the more common type. It occurs when a substance directly damages the skin's outer layer. Common irritants include soaps, detergents, solvents, and even prolonged exposure to water. The reaction is not due to an allergy, but rather a direct toxic effect on the skin. Symptoms can appear within minutes to hours after exposure and may include redness, dryness, itching, and a burning sensation.

Allergic contact dermatitis develops when the immune system overreacts to a substance that has touched the skin. This substance, known as an allergen, triggers an immune response that leads to inflammation. Common allergens include poison ivy, nickel (found in jewelry and coins), fragrances, and certain preservatives in cosmetics and lotions. The reaction typically takes 24 to 48 hours to develop after exposure, even if the person has been exposed to the allergen before without a reaction. Symptoms are similar to irritant contact dermatitis but can also include blistering and weeping of the skin.

Diagnosis of kontaktekzemen is usually based on the patient's history and a physical examination of the affected skin. Patch testing may be used to identify specific allergens in cases of suspected allergic contact dermatitis. Treatment involves avoiding the causative agent and managing the symptoms with topical corticosteroids and emollients.