Konduktorverluste

Konduktorverluste, also known as conductor losses or resistive losses, refer to the energy dissipated as heat within electrical conductors due to their inherent electrical resistance. When electric current flows through a conductor, such as a wire or cable, the charge carriers encounter resistance from the material's atoms. This interaction causes the charge carriers to lose kinetic energy, which is then converted into thermal energy. This phenomenon is described by Joule's law, which states that the power dissipated as heat is proportional to the square of the current and the resistance of the conductor.

These losses are a significant factor in the efficiency of electrical power transmission and distribution systems. Longer transmission lines and higher currents lead to greater conductor losses, resulting in a reduction of the amount of electrical energy that reaches the end-user. Factors influencing conductor losses include the material of the conductor (e.g., copper has lower resistance than aluminum), the cross-sectional area of the conductor (thicker conductors have lower resistance), and the temperature of the conductor (resistance generally increases with temperature). Minimizing conductor losses is crucial for economic and environmental reasons, often achieved through the use of highly conductive materials, appropriate conductor sizing, and efficient power system design.