Kondensatsioonpolümerisatsiooni

Kondensatsioonpolümerisatsioon is a chemical reaction in which two molecules react to form a larger molecule, releasing a small molecule such as water or methanol as a byproduct. This process is also known as step-growth polymerization. Unlike addition polymerization, where monomers add to a growing chain without the loss of any atoms, condensation polymerization involves the elimination of a small molecule. The monomers in condensation polymerization typically contain at least two functional groups that can react with each other. Common examples of functional groups involved include hydroxyl (-OH), carboxyl (-COOH), amino (-NH2), and ester (-COOR) groups.

The process can be initiated and propagated through a series of sequential reactions between monomers, oligomers, and polymers. This step-wise growth leads to a gradual increase in molecular weight. The reaction rate is generally slower than in addition polymerization, and the molecular weight distribution is broader. Key examples of polymers formed by condensation polymerization include polyesters, polyamides (like nylon), polycarbonates, and polyurethanes. These materials find widespread applications in textiles, plastics, adhesives, and coatings due to their diverse properties. The choice of monomers and reaction conditions allows for tailoring the properties of the resulting polymer.