Komunikacija

Komunikacija is the process of exchanging information, ideas, and meanings between and among people, organizations, or systems. It involves a sender who encodes a message, a channel through which the message is transmitted, a receiver who decodes it, and feedback that closes the loop. Context and noise influence interpretation.

Types and forms: verbal (spoken), written, and nonverbal communication; modes include face-to-face dialogue, telephone, email, text messaging, and online media. Major categories are interpersonal communication, organizational communication, and mass communication, as well as intercultural communication when participants come from different cultural backgrounds.

Theoretical models: classic models include Shannon–Weaver's transmission model; others emphasize shared meaning (Schramm) or transactional exchange where both parties simultaneously encode and decode in a dynamic process. The study of komunikacija touches linguistics, psychology, sociology, and information theory.

Functions and challenges: communication serves to inform, persuade, regulate, entertain, and maintain social bonds. Barriers include language differences, jargon, cognitive biases, noise, cultural misunderstandings, and technological constraints. Digital media have transformed reach, speed, and feedback.

Significance: Effective komunikacija is essential in personal relationships, education, business, governance, and media. It is an active field of study across disciplines, with ongoing developments in technology, linguistics, and intercultural competence.