Kompressorit

Kompressorit are devices that increase the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. They convert mechanical energy into stored gas pressure and are essential for supplying compressed air and other gases in industrial, commercial, and transport applications. The term kompressorit is Finnish for compressor, and in general usage compressors are categorized by their operating principle and construction.

Two broad categories exist: positive-displacement and dynamic compressors. Positive-displacement types, such as reciprocating piston units, rotary screws, and rotary vanes, trap a fixed volume of gas and reduce its volume to raise pressure. Dynamic compressors, including centrifugal and axial types, raise pressure primarily by imparting velocity to the gas with fast-spinning impellers, with pressure built up through diffusers and stages.

Variants include lubricated, oil-filled designs and oil-free configurations. Multi-stage compressors with intercooling between stages improve efficiency and allow higher pressure with reduced heat load. Common applications cover manufacturing and processing plants, construction and mining equipment, pneumatic tools, HVAC systems, refrigeration, and process industries.

Performance is described by flow rate and discharge pressure, efficiency, and duty cycle. Selection depends on required pressure, volume, gas quality, energy availability, maintenance costs, space, and noise considerations. Safety features typically include relief valves, surge protection, cooling, filtration, and proper lubrication management.