Kommunikatsiya

Kommunikatsiya is a term used in several languages, most notably Russian, Ukrainian, and other Slavic languages, to denote the process of communication: the transmission of information, ideas, or feelings between people or groups. The word, rooted in the idea of sharing or making common, appears in related linguistic traditions with the same core meaning.

In scholarly and everyday use, kommunikatsiya encompasses verbal and nonverbal forms, written and spoken language, and a wide range of media and contexts. The basic elements are sender, message, encoding, channel, receiver, decoding, feedback, context, and potential interference (noise). Communication can be interpersonal, organizational, mass-mediated, or digital, and it can be synchronous (live) or asynchronous (delayed).

Several models have shaped understanding. Linear models view communication as a one-way transfer from sender to receiver, with noise as a limiting factor. Lasswell’s formulation—Who says What in Which Channel to Whom with What Effect—offers a concise framework. Schramm emphasized the role of a shared field of experience and feedback, while transactional models treat sending and receiving as concurrent, dynamic processes.

Effective kommunikatsiya depends on clarity, shared codes, cultural and contextual awareness, and the ability to interpret feedback. In modern contexts, digital channels and globalization have broadened reach and speed but also introduced challenges such as misinformation, miscommunication, and information overload. The study of kommunikatsiya spans fields including linguistics, psychology, sociology, media studies, and information theory.