Kolmonoxíðeitur

Kolmonoxíðeitur refers to poisoning caused by exposure to carbon monoxide (CO). Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is produced by the incomplete combustion of carbon-containing materials. Common sources include faulty furnaces, car exhaust, generators, and tobacco smoke.

When inhaled, carbon monoxide binds to hemoglobin in red blood cells with an affinity much greater than that of oxygen. This binding forms carboxyhemoglobin (COHb), which significantly reduces the blood's ability to transport oxygen to vital organs and tissues. The severity of poisoning depends on the concentration of CO in the air and the duration of exposure.

Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning can vary widely and may be mistaken for other illnesses. Mild exposure can cause headache, dizziness, nausea, and fatigue. As exposure increases, symptoms can progress to confusion, vomiting, shortness of breath, chest pain, loss of consciousness, and even death. Individuals with pre-existing heart or lung conditions, infants, and the elderly are particularly vulnerable.

Diagnosis is typically made based on a history of potential exposure, characteristic symptoms, and measurement of carboxyhemoglobin levels in the blood. Treatment involves immediate removal from the source of CO and administration of 100% oxygen. In severe cases, hyperbaric oxygen therapy may be used to accelerate the removal of CO from the blood. Prevention is key and involves ensuring proper ventilation of fuel-burning appliances, regular maintenance of heating systems, and avoiding prolonged exposure to vehicle exhaust in enclosed spaces.