Kognitivism
Kognitivism, or cognitivism, is a theory of learning and mental processes that emphasizes how people perceive, think, remember, and solve problems. Developed as a movement in psychology during the 1950s and 1960s, it arose as a reaction against strict behaviorism, which focused on external stimuli and observable responses.
Cognitivism treats the mind as an information processor. Learning is viewed as the change of internal representations—schemas,
Key concepts include the information processing model (input, processing, storage, retrieval), schema theory, and cognitive load.
Educational implications emphasize active mental engagement: meaningful rehearsal, organization of material, schema activation, guided discovery, and
Critics argue cognitivism can overlook social, cultural, and affective dimensions of learning and may rely on