Kloridiin

Kloridiin is a term used in chemistry to refer to chloride-containing compounds, including the chloride ion and the salts formed with it. The chloride ion (Cl−) is the conjugate base of hydrochloric acid and a common counterion in inorganic and organic salts. The class encompasses many substances, such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride, and ammonium chloride. These compounds are typically ionic and often highly soluble in water, yielding solutions that conduct electricity.

Natural occurrence and production of chlorides are widespread. They are abundant in seawater and in minerals such as halite (rock salt). Industrial production of chlorides can arise from reactions between metals and chlorine, neutralization of acids with bases to form metal or ammonium chlorides, or via processes like the chlor-alkali route that produce chlorine gas, sodium hydroxide, and hydrogen, which are then converted into various chlorides as needed.

Uses of chloride-containing substances are diverse. They serve as seasonings and preservatives in food, electrolytes in biological systems and industrial processes, and reagents in chemical synthesis. Sodium chloride is the most common example, used as table salt and in food processing. Calcium chloride is applied in de-icing and as a drying agent, while ammonium chloride has applications in electroplating and as a food additive in some jurisdictions.

Safety and handling considerations vary by specific compound. In general, ordinary salt-like chlorides pose low acute toxicity in typical exposures, but concentrated hydrochloric acid, chlorine gas, or certain metal chlorides can be corrosive or toxic. Proper handling, storage, and adherence to safety data for each substance are advised.