Kliper
Kliper is a Russian spaceplane project developed by the Energia Rocket and Space Corporation. The project aims to create a reusable spacecraft capable of transporting both crew and cargo to low Earth orbit. The design of Kliper is based on the Buran spaceplane, which was developed in the Soviet Union during the 1980s. However, unlike Buran, Kliper is intended to be fully operational and reusable, with a planned service life of at least 100 flights.
The Kliper spacecraft is designed to be launched atop an Angara-A5 heavy-lift rocket, which is also under
The Kliper project has faced several challenges and delays, including technical issues, funding constraints, and political