Klaasfassaadid

Klaasfassaadid is an Estonian term meaning "glass facades" and refers to building envelopes that use glass as a dominant exterior material. These systems range from full-height curtain walls to framed window walls and point-supported glass structures, and are employed in commercial, institutional and increasingly residential architecture for their aesthetic, daylighting and visual transparency qualities.

Typical components include insulated glazing units, low-emissivity coatings, structural mullions and transoms, gaskets and sealants, and various fixings such as spider fittings. System types include unitized and stick-built curtain walls, structural glazing and frameless glass assemblies; selection depends on building scale, thermal performance requirements and installation logistics.

Advantages of klaasfassaadid include increased natural light, visual connection to the exterior, potential for views and modern appearance. Disadvantages and challenges include thermal losses and gains if not properly designed, glare control, acoustic performance, condensation risk, fire separation requirements and higher maintenance needs than opaque facades.

Performance is influenced by glazing type (tempered, laminated, insulated), coatings, spacer and frame thermal breaks. Integration with shading, ventilation and photovoltaic technologies can improve energy performance. Structural design must account for wind loads, thermal movement and differential settlement, while safety standards address impact resistance and fire performance.

Regulation and best practice for klaasfassaadid are governed by national and international building codes, energy efficiency standards and facade engineering guidelines. Proper design, specification and maintenance are essential to balance aesthetics, durability and building performance.