Kivilohkosta

Kivilohkosta, also known as kidney stones, are hard deposits that form in the kidneys. They are composed of minerals and acids that crystallize in the urinary tract. Kidney stones can vary in size, ranging from small grains of sand to large stones that can be several centimeters in diameter. The most common types of kidney stones are calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, and cystine stones. Risk factors for developing kidney stones include dehydration, a high-sodium diet, certain medical conditions, and a family history of kidney stones.

Symptoms of kidney stones typically include severe pain in the flank or side, often radiating to the lower abdomen or back, nausea, vomiting, blood in the urine, and frequent urination. The pain can be excruciating and may be accompanied by fever and chills if the stone passes through the urinary tract and causes an infection. In some cases, kidney stones may pass spontaneously, but if they become lodged in the urinary tract, they may require medical intervention.

Diagnosis of kidney stones is usually confirmed through imaging tests such as ultrasound, CT scan, or X-ray. Treatment options depend on the size, location, and composition of the stone. Small stones may pass on their own with pain relief and increased fluid intake. Larger stones may require medical intervention, such as shock wave lithotripsy, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, or surgical removal. Prevention of kidney stones involves maintaining adequate hydration, consuming a balanced diet low in sodium and purine-rich foods, and managing underlying medical conditions.