Kivennäishumusta

Kivennäishumusta is a Finnish term that translates to mineral humus or mineral organic matter. It refers to a complex mixture of organic compounds derived from decomposed plant and animal material that is physically mixed with mineral soil particles. Unlike pure humus, which is primarily organic, kivennäishumusta contains a significant mineral component, often in the form of clay, silt, and sand. This intimate association of organic and inorganic matter creates a unique soil structure with distinct properties.

The organic fraction of kivennäishumusta is stabilized by its interaction with mineral surfaces. This binding protects it from rapid decomposition by microorganisms, making it more resistant to degradation than free-floating organic matter. The mineral component, in turn, influences the physical and chemical characteristics of the kivennäishumusta. For instance, clay particles can increase the cation exchange capacity, allowing the soil to hold onto essential nutrients. The presence of mineral particles also affects soil aeration, water retention, and drainage.

Kivennäishumusta plays a crucial role in soil fertility and health. It contributes to the formation of stable soil aggregates, improving soil structure and reducing erosion. The organic components provide a slow-release source of nutrients for plants, while the mineral matrix enhances nutrient availability and retention. Furthermore, kivennäishumusta is a habitat for a diverse community of soil organisms that are vital for nutrient cycling and soil ecosystem functioning. Its presence is generally indicative of fertile and well-structured soils.