Kisülési

Kisülési is a Hungarian term from the noun kisülés, meaning discharge. The adjective kisülési is used in technical contexts to describe processes in which stored electrical energy is released as current, often accompanied by ionization, light, heat, or chemical changes. The concept is central in electrical engineering, physics and electronics, and it covers a range of phenomena that involve energy transfer from an electric field or stored charge to another medium.

In electrical discharges, energy is released when the insulating medium between conductors breaks down, allowing current to flow. This can take the form of a spark or an arc and is influenced by factors such as voltage, pressure, gas composition, and geometry of the electrodes. Gas discharges are exploited in devices like spark gaps, discharge lamps, and ozone generators, but they also present hazards to insulation systems and power equipment.

Partial discharge is a related kisülési phenomenon that occurs within insulation materials at stresses below those needed for a full breakdown. It serves as a diagnostic indicator of insulation aging and can precede major failure if not addressed.

In capacitors and energy storage systems, kisülési describes the discharge process and the related discharge time or current, which are important for assessing performance, safety, and degradation over cycles.

Discharge phenomena also occur in other domains, such as corona discharge near sharp conductors, which can produce light and ions without a complete breakdown, and in plasma generation for lighting and manufacturing.

See also: dielectric breakdown, spark discharge, partial discharge, discharge lamp, corona discharge.