Kirchhofftörvény

Kirchhofftörvény refers to two fundamental laws in electrical circuit analysis formulated by the German physicist Gustav Kirchhoff in 1845. These laws are essential for understanding and solving complex electrical circuits.

The first law, known as Kirchhoff's current law or the junction rule, states that the algebraic sum of currents entering a junction (or node) is equal to the algebraic sum of currents leaving that junction. In simpler terms, the total current flowing into a point in a circuit must equal the total current flowing out of that point. This law is a direct consequence of the conservation of electric charge.

The second law, known as Kirchhoff's voltage law or the loop rule, states that the algebraic sum of the potential differences (voltages) around any closed loop or circuit is equal to zero. This means that if you start at any point in a closed circuit and traverse it, the sum of all the voltage rises and voltage drops encountered will bring you back to your starting voltage. This law is derived from the conservation of energy.

Together, Kirchhoff's laws provide a systematic method for analyzing circuits containing multiple resistors, voltage sources, and other components. They are widely used in electrical engineering and physics to determine unknown currents and voltages in various circuit configurations.