Kilpnääret

Kilpnääret, also known as the thyroid gland, is an endocrine gland located in the front of the neck. It is shaped like a butterfly, with two lobes connected by a narrow strip of tissue called the isthmus. The thyroid gland produces hormones that regulate metabolism, growth, and development. These hormones include thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), which are essential for many bodily functions. The thyroid gland also produces calcitonin, a hormone that helps regulate calcium levels in the blood.

The production of thyroid hormones is controlled by the pituitary gland, located in the brain. The pituitary gland releases thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which stimulates the thyroid gland to produce and release T4 and T3. When thyroid hormone levels are low, the pituitary gland releases more TSH. When thyroid hormone levels are high, the pituitary gland releases less TSH.

Disorders of the thyroid gland can lead to a variety of health problems. Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones, leading to a slowed metabolism. Symptoms can include fatigue, weight gain, and feeling cold. Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormones, leading to a sped-up metabolism. Symptoms can include weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and anxiety. Other thyroid conditions include goiter, which is an enlargement of the thyroid gland, and thyroid nodules, which are lumps that can form in the thyroid gland. Diagnosis and treatment of thyroid disorders are typically managed by endocrinologists.