Keuhkopölytauti

Keuhkopölytauti refers to a group of lung diseases caused by the inhalation of dust particles. These particles, when deposited in the lungs over prolonged periods, can lead to inflammation and scarring, impairing lung function. The specific type of keuhkopölytauti depends on the composition of the inhaled dust.

Silicosis is a well-known form, caused by inhaling crystalline silica dust, often encountered in mining, quarrying, and construction. Asbestosis results from exposure to asbestos fibers, historically used in insulation and building materials. Coal workers' pneumoconiosis, often called black lung disease, is caused by inhaling coal dust. Other types include berylliosis from beryllium dust and hard metal lung disease from cobalt and tungsten carbide dust.

Symptoms of keuhkopölytauti can vary but commonly include shortness of breath, persistent cough, and chest tightness. In advanced stages, the conditions can lead to pulmonary fibrosis, respiratory failure, and an increased risk of developing lung cancer, particularly in cases of silicosis and asbestosis.

Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, chest X-rays or CT scans to visualize lung changes, and pulmonary function tests to assess lung capacity and airflow. There is no cure for most forms of keuhkopölytauti, and treatment focuses on managing symptoms, slowing disease progression, and preventing complications. This often involves avoiding further exposure to the causative dust, respiratory medications, oxygen therapy, and pulmonary rehabilitation. Prevention through strict workplace safety measures, including dust control and personal protective equipment, is paramount.