Keskiaikien

Keskiaikien is a term that refers to the Middle Ages, a historical period in Europe that traditionally spans from the late 5th century to the late 15th century. This era is often characterized by the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the subsequent development of feudalism, the rise of Christianity as a dominant force, and significant advancements in architecture and art, though it is also sometimes viewed as a period of cultural and economic stagnation compared to antiquity or the Renaissance. The specific start and end dates are debated among historians, with some scholars extending the period or dividing it into sub-periods such as the Early, High, and Late Middle Ages.

During the Early Middle Ages, also known as the Dark Ages by some, Europe experienced political fragmentation and demographic shifts. The development of monasticism played a crucial role in preserving knowledge and providing social services. The High Middle Ages saw the growth of towns and cities, the establishment of universities, and the Crusades. This period was marked by increasing trade, the flourishing of Gothic architecture, and the formation of more centralized kingdoms. The Late Middle Ages, however, was a time of crisis, including plagues like the Black Death, widespread warfare such as the Hundred Years' War, and social unrest, which ultimately paved the way for the Renaissance and the early modern period. The term "keskiaikien" encapsulates this complex and transformative epoch in European history.