Keratózis

Keratózis (keratosis in English) is a dermatological term used to describe thickened, rough patches of skin produced by abnormal keratinization. The term encompasses several distinct conditions, most of which are benign, but some keratoses can carry a risk of skin cancer.

Common forms include actinic keratosis, keratosis pilaris, and seborrheic keratosis. Actinic keratosis appears as rough, scaly patches on sun-exposed skin, particularly in older individuals with fair skin. It is considered precancerous and can progress to squamous cell carcinoma in some cases. Management includes lesion-directed therapies such as cryotherapy or curettage, topical agents like 5-fluorouracil or diclofenac, and photodynamic therapy, along with strict sun protection.

Keratosis pilaris presents as small, rough, flesh-colored bumps on the upper arms, thighs, or cheeks due to keratin plugging of hair follicles. It is benign; treatment focuses on regular moisturizing and keratolytic products (for example, urea, lactic or salicylic acid) to soften the skin.

Seborrheic keratosis consists of well-demarcated, waxy, pigmented growths common in middle age or older adults. These lesions are benign and usually asymptomatic; removal is optional and may be performed for cosmetic reasons via cryotherapy, curettage, or laser.

Keratoses can also refer to other keratotic conditions such as keratoderma (thickened skin on palms and soles) and keratotic warts. Diagnosis is typically clinical, with biopsy reserved for atypical lesions or suspicion of malignancy. Prognosis varies by type, with actinic keratoses requiring monitoring and possible treatment to prevent progression.