Kendisine

Kendisine is a Turkish reflexive pronoun in the dative form, used to indicate that the action of the verb is directed toward the subject. It corresponds to the English "to himself/herself/itself" (or "for himself/herself/itself") and is the third-person reflexive form that agrees with the subject. The set of related forms includes kendime (to myself), kendine (to yourself), kendisine (to himself/herself/itself), kendimize (to ourselves), kendinize (to yourselves), and kendilerine (to themselves).

Morphology and usage: Kendisine is built from kendisi (the reflexive pronoun) with the dative suffix and possessive/agreeing elements that reflect the subject. It is used when the recipient of the action is the subject itself, often with verbs of care, concern, or action directed back toward the subject. It can indicate either indirect object meaning (to/for the subject) or a beneficiary role within a clause. It contrasts with other forms such as kendine (to you) or kendime (to me), which refer to different persons.

Examples:

- O kendisine güveniyor. (He trusts himself.)

- Kendisine iyi bakıyor. (She is taking good care of herself.)

- Kendisine yapılan eleştirileri dikkate aldı. (He took the criticisms directed at himself into account.)

Related expressions: A common expression is kendi kendine, meaning "by oneself" or "on one’s own," which semantically shifts away from the indirect recipient to self-directed action.

Notes: Kendisine is appropriate for third-person references and, in some contexts, the polite or formal address, depending on the sentence structure. It is part of a broader Turkish pronominal system that includes kendime, kendine, kendisine, kendimize, kendinize, kendilerine for different persons and forms.