Keeluotsus

Keeluotsus, literally meaning a “ban decision” in Estonian, is a legal instrument in which a court or administrative authority orders a person or entity to refrain from specific conduct or to stop certain activities. The aim is to prevent harm, protect rights, or safeguard public order while a dispute is being resolved or while compliance is being ensured. The order may take effect immediately and can be temporary (an interim measure) or, in some cases, permanent.

The term is used across several areas of law, including criminal procedure (for example, restraining or protection orders prohibiting contact or proximity in domestic violence or harassment cases), civil procedure (such as injunctions prohibiting publication of material or mandating cessation of a sale or construction), and administrative regulation (prohibiting operation of a business, use of a product, or certain practices pending compliance). The precise form, scope, and duration depend on the jurisdiction and the specific context.

Issuing authority is typically a court or a regulatory or administrative body with the power to impose prohibitions. A keeluotsus must rest on a legal basis, demonstrate necessity or risk of harm, and generally involves notice and sometimes a hearing. Non-compliance can attract penalties, coercive enforcement, or contempt procedures, depending on the legal framework.

Parties subject to a keeluotsus may have avenues to appeal or seek modifications, subject to procedural rules. As a protective instrument, it balances urgent safeguards with the right to due process and interacts with other remedies in the legal system, such as permanent injunctions or criminal sanctions.