Kauppakirjat

Kauppakirjat are legal documents used to formalize a sale and the transfer of ownership or rights in Finland. They are most commonly associated with real estate transactions, but the term can apply to other types of sale as well. A kauppakirja records the agreed terms between the seller and the buyer and creates binding obligations for both parties.

A typical kauppakirja includes the identities of the parties, a description of the subject matter (such as the property’s address or land register details, or shares in a housing company), the purchase price and payment terms, the transfer or possession date, and any conditions precedent (for example financing or inspections). It may also note encumbrances, reservations, warranties, remedies for breach, and signatures of the parties. The document is usually prepared in writing and signed by both sides; it does not have to be notarized in all cases, though professional assistance from a lawyer or real estate professional is common for more complex transactions.

For real estate transfers, the kauppakirja serves as the basis for updating the ownership in the land register. After signing and meeting conditions, the buyer applies to the relevant authority (the National Land Survey of Finland) to register the transfer. The ownership change takes effect when registration is completed, and the seller typically delivers possession according to the agreement.

Beyond real estate, kauppakirjat also cover the sale of other assets, including shares in a housing company. Regardless of type, they are binding contracts that should be tailored to the specific deal and comply with applicable Finnish law.