Kaugummi

Kaugummi, or chewing gum, is a chewy confection designed to be chewed and not swallowed. It typically combines a gum base with sweeteners, flavorings, and softening or texturizing agents to create a long-lasting chew.

Historically, chewing gum traces back to ancient cultures that used natural resins. In the modern era, the industry formed in the United States in the late 19th century, with chicle-based bases being developed for mass production. Entrepreneurs such as Thomas Adams and, later, William Wrigley Jr. helped popularize chewing gum through advertising and widespread brands in the late 1800s and early 1900s.

Composition and varieties vary, but most gums share the same basic components. The gum base provides the chewiness, while sweeteners and flavorings create taste. Sugar-containing gums use sucrose or glucose syrups, whereas sugar-free gums substitute polyols such as xylitol, sorbitol, or other artificial sweeteners. Common flavors include mint, fruit, and cinnamon, and products range from plain sticks to bubble gums and medicated or nicotine-free variants.

Uses and health considerations are context-dependent. Sugar-free gum chewed after meals can stimulate saliva and help neutralize acids, contributing to enamel protection and reduced plaque when combined with good oral hygiene. It is not a substitute for brushing or flossing. Chewing gum can cause jaw discomfort if overused, and there is a choking risk for young children. Some people may have sensitivities to certain ingredients.

Environmental and regulatory aspects include gum litter as a street-cleanliness issue in many cities. Disposal and packaging practices vary, and gums are regulated as food products in many jurisdictions. Sugar-free gums containing xylitol should be kept away from pets, especially dogs, as xylitol can be toxic to them.